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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Sudan (2001)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Sudan (2001)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)Sudan (2001)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonSudan
Administrative divisions none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order 26 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrat, Al Jazirah, Al Khartum, Al Qadarif, Al Wahdah, An Nil al Abyad, An Nil al Azraq, Ash Shamaliyah, Bahr al Jabal, Gharb al Istiwa'iyah, Gharb Bahr al Ghazal, Gharb Darfur, Gharb Kurdufan, Janub Darfur, Janub Kurdufan, Junqali, Kassala, Nahr an Nil, Shamal Bahr al Ghazal, Shamal Darfur, Shamal Kurdufan, Sharq al Istiwa'iyah, Sinnar, Warab
Age structure 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864)


15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
44.62% (male 8,227,011; female 7,870,783)

15-64 years:
53.29% (male 9,619,218; female 9,608,469)

65 years and over:
2.09% (male 425,898; female 328,994) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassara, mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock
Airports 2 (2001) 61 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total:
12

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
49

1,524 to 2,437 m:
15

914 to 1,523 m:
25

under 914 m:
9 (2000 est.)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total:
2,505,810 sq km

land:
2.376 million sq km

water:
129,810 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. Military dictatorships promulgating an Islamic government have mostly run the country since independence from the UK in 1956. Over the past two decades, a civil war pitting black Christians and animists in the south against the Arab-Muslims of the north has cost at least 1.5 million lives in war- and famine-related deaths, as well as the displacement of millions of others.
Birth rate 14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 37.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million
revenues:
$1.2 billion

expenditures:
$1.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Saint-Pierre Khartoum
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)
Coastline 120 km 853 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form:
Republic of the Sudan

conventional short form:
Sudan

local long form:
Jumhuriyat as-Sudan

local short form:
As-Sudan

former:
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) Sudanese dinar (SDD)
Death rate 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 10.04 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $24.9 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status self-governing territorial collectivity of France -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial collectivity of France) US officials at the US Embassy in Khartoum were moved for security reasons in February 1996 and have been relocated to the US Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Cairo, Egypt, from where they make periodic visits to Khartoum; the US Embassy in Khartoum is located on Sharia Abdul Latif Avenue; mailing address - P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829; telephone - [249] (11) 774611 or 774700; FAX - [249] (11) 774137; the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya is located in the Interim Office Building on Mombasa Road, Nairobi; mailing address - P. O. Box 30137, Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831; telephone - [254] (2) 751613; FAX - [254] (2) 743204; the US Embassy in Cairo, Egypt is located at (North Gate) 8, Kamel El-Din Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo; mailing address - Unit 64900, APO AE 09839-4900; telephone - [20] (2) 3557371; FAX - [20] (2) 3573200
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial collectivity of France) chief of mission:
Ambassador Mahdi Ibrahim MAHAMMAD (recalled to Khartoum in August 1998)

chancery:
2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 338-8565

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-2406
Disputes - international none administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; Egypt asserts its claim to the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km under partial Sudanese administration that is defined by an administrative boundary which supersedes the treaty boundary of 1899
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $187 million (1997)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic instability, adverse weather, weak world agricultural prices, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture (which employs 80% of the work force), trading, and light industry which is mostly processing of agricultural goods. Most of the 1990s were characterized by sluggish economic growth as the IMF suspended lending, declared Sudan a non-cooperative state, and threatened to expel Sudan from the IMF. Starting in 1997, Sudan began implementing IMF macroeconomic reforms which have successfully stabilized inflation at 10% or less. Sudan continues to have limited international credit resources as over 75% of Sudan's debt of $24.9 billion is in arrears and Khartoum's continued prosecution of the civil war works to isolate Sudan. In 1999, Sudan began exporting oil and in 1999-2000 had recorded its first trade surpluses. Current oil production stands at 185,000 barrels per day, of which about 70% is exported and the rest refined for domestic consumption. Despite its many infrastructure problems, Sudan's increased oil production, the return of regular rainfall, and recent investments in irrigation schemes should allow the country to achieve economic growth of 6% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 38.13 million kWh (2000) 1.637 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 41 million kWh (2000) 1.76 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel:
42.05%

hydro:
57.95%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point:
Red Sea 0 m

highest point:
Kinyeti 3,187 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 257.44 (January 2001), 257.12 (2000), 252.55 (1999), 200.80 (1998), 157.57 (1997), 125.08 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the National Congress Party (front for the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates BASHIR's cabinet

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR 86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates received less than a combined 4% of the vote

note:
BASHIR assumed supreme executive power in 1989 and retained it through several transitional governments in the early and mid-90s before being popularly elected for the first time in March 1996
Exports $12 million f.o.b. (1999) $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts oil and petroleum products, cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
Exports - partners US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999) Saudi Arabia 16%, Italy 10%, Germany 5%, France 3%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.) purchasing power parity - $35.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture:
39%

industry:
17%

services:
44% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 15 00 N, 30 00 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 114 km


paved: 69 km


unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
total:
11,900 km

paved:
4,320 km

unpaved:
7,580 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $55 million f.o.b. (1999) $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials foodstuffs, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles
Imports - partners France 44%, Canada 40% (1999) China 14.7%, Libya 14.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.9%, UK 8.7%, France 6.7% (1999)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 5% (1996 est.)
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments
Infant mortality rate 8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 68.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (1991-96 average) 10% (2000 est.)
International organization participation FZ, WFTU ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 19,460 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts
Labor force 3,000 (1997) (1997) 11 million (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.) agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%, unemployed 4% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
7,687 km

border countries:
Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Land use arable land: 13.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
46%

forests and woodland:
19%

other:
30% (1993 est.)
Languages French (official) Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English

note:
program of "Arabization" in process
Legal system French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
unicameral National Assembly (400 seats; 275 elected by popular vote, 125 elected by a supra assembly of interest groups known as the National Congress)

elections:
last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
NA; few parties participated in the 2000 elections

note:
on 12 December 1999, BASHIR dismissed the National Assembly during an internal power struggle between the president and speaker of the National Assembly Hasan al-TURABI
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.93 years


male: 75.66 years


female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
total population:
56.94 years

male:
55.85 years

female:
58.08 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
46.1%

male:
57.7%

female:
34.6% (1995 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Map references North America Africa
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone:
18 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 38,093 GRT/49,727 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, roll on/roll off 2 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $550 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
8,436,732 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
5,194,862 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
398,294 (2001 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun:
Sudanese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Sudanese
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard dust storms
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
Net migration rate -4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - refined products 815 km
Political parties and leaders PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA] the government allows political "associations" under a 1998 law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using violence against the regime; approved parties include the National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI], and a handful of minor pro-government parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA National Congress Party [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR] (front for the National Islamic Front or NIF); Popular National Congress [Hassan al-TURABI]; Umma [Sadiq al-MAHDI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI]; National Democratic Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's Liberation Army [Dr. John GARANG]
Population 6,954 (July 2002 est.) 36,080,373 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.35% (2002 est.) 2.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Saint Pierre Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 4,000 (1997) 7.55 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
5,311 km

narrow gauge:
4,595 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantation line

note:
the main line linking Khartoum to Port Sudan carries over two-thirds of Sudan's rail traffic
Religions Roman Catholic 99% Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.29 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 17 years of age; universal, but noncompulsory
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
general assessment:
large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially

domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) 400,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) 20,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) 3 (1997)
Terrain mostly barren rock generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.) 5.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.8% (1997) (1997) 4% (1996 est.)
Waterways none 5,310 km
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